A traumatic brain injury (TBI) can have lasting effects on a person’s cognitive and physical well-being. These head injuries (including concussions) can happen after blows to the head or a piercing injury. They can also occur without blunt force trauma to the head. In fact, people can also experience TBI or concussive symptoms following rapid acceleration or acceleration injuries—or from shearing forces on the brain tissues.
It stands to reason that these injuries require proper management to ensure a full recovery and prevent complications. The best way to treat a TBI is to prioritize rest and gradually return to activity while limiting physical and cognitive exertion in the initial stages. Managing symptoms with over-the-counter pain medication and closely monitoring for worsening symptoms is also crucial. In severe cases, rehabilitation therapies like physical, occupational, and cognitive therapy may be necessary.
In this blog, we will explore the symptoms of TBIs, the levels of concussions, and the best treatment options available. Additionally, we will discuss the risks of an untreated concussion and how rehabilitation plays a critical role in recovery.
Levels and Symptoms of Traumatic Brain Injury and Post-Concussion Syndrome
TBIs can range from mild to severe, with symptoms varying based on the injury’s extent.
Levels of Concussions
Concussions are classified into different levels based on severity. Understanding these levels can help to guide treatment and recovery recommendations to ensure proper healing:
- Grade 1 (Mild): No loss of consciousness, symptoms last less than 15 minutes.
- Grade 2 (Moderate): No loss of consciousness, symptoms last longer than 15 minutes.
- Grade 3 (Severe): Loss of consciousness occurs, requiring immediate medical attention.
Common symptoms of concussions and other TBIs include:
- Headaches, migraines, or pressure in the head
- Dizziness and balance issues
- Nausea or vomiting
- Sensitivity to light and noise
- Difficulty concentrating or remembering things, confusion
- Blurred vision
- Fatigue and sleep disturbances
- Feeling sluggish or foggy
- Mood changes such as irritability, depression, or anxiety
Generally, a mild concussion does not pose challenges beyond the 15 minutes after the initial injury. Post-concussion syndrome, however, occurs when symptoms persist for weeks or months. If not properly managed, an untreated concussion, even classified as mild, can lead to prolonged cognitive and physical impairments. If symptoms continue to get worse or include a loss of consciousness, repeated vomiting, or significant confusion, seek immediate medical care.
Best Treatment Approaches for TBI and Post-Concussion Syndrome
As part of the treatment process, it’s critical to conduct post-concussion assessment and cognitive testing (ImPACT) immediately after sustaining a head injury to analyze cognitive functions including memory, reaction time, and attention. Many people who are at risk for concussions take a baseline version of this test before any injury occurs so that the results can be compared to their typical brain function.
The next step in treating a TBI is rest and a gradual return to activity. This allows the brain to heal. Without a break from mental and physical activity, symptoms could worsen and the recovery process could become jeopardized. Patients need to avoid activities that require significant cognitive or physical effort, such as work, school, or sports, until symptoms subside. Other effective treatments include:
- Medication: Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help to manage headaches and discomfort.
- Physical Therapy: Helps with balance and coordination issues resulting from the injury.
- Cognitive Therapy: Supports recovery in cases where memory and problem-solving skills are affected.
- Occupational Therapy: Assists patients in regaining the ability to perform daily activities.
- Vestibular Therapy: Also aids patients with balance issues, as well as visual disturbances.
Severe cases may require TBI rehabilitation, which involves a multidisciplinary approach to address both cognitive and physical impairments.
Why Early Treatment Matters
Ignoring a concussion or failing to seek timely treatment can lead to long-term health issues, including chronic headaches, cognitive decline, and an increased risk of future brain injuries. Early intervention is key to preventing complications and ensuring a full recovery.
Related: How to Recognize and Treat a Concussion From a Work-Related Accident
How Excelsia’s Team Can Help
At Excelsia Injury Care, our team of dedicated neurological experts is here to provide comprehensive care for those recovering from TBIs (including post-concussion syndrome). We specialize in personalized treatment plans, including cognitive therapy, neurological rehab, and physical therapy, to help patients regain their independence and improve their quality of life.If you or a loved one is experiencing symptoms of a TBI, don’t wait. Contact our team today to receive expert guidance and compassionate care tailored to your recovery needs. With quick thinking and excellent treatment, we can help deliver the best outcome possible.